Fake protesters set fire to Turkish flags. They spray-painted Erdogan-critical messages at bus stops. Demonstrations were recorded and spread on social media. Documents say masked protestors should "step on Turkey's flag" and "write insulting statements about Erdogan."
The documents mention a Paris demonstration in March. Protestors painted graffiti denouncing Erdogan and Turkey. The source of this image is the leaked document, according to DR.
Content featuring the protests then appeared on YouTube and Facebook. Posts of the Paris protests were traced to two North African men in Saint Petersburg. The two me had also spread content from demonstrations in The Hague, Brussels, and Madrid.
A review of European demonstrations showed participants holding placards with identical messages, including the same spelling errors. The signs called for an end to aid to Ukraine. In some ci ies, participants also attended anti-Ukrainian demonstrations.
Valentyna Shapovalova, from the University of Copenhagen, observed the significant impact of the Paris campaign, which was covered by mainstream media.
Such campaigns should be seen as a larger ecosystem that attempts to spread content to credible sources where the content will gain legitimacy, says Shapovalova.