Providing blazing-fast & enterprise-grade decentralized storage is challenging.

Meet @zus_network – a dStorage solution that claims to be on par with its centralized counterparts like AWS.

And $ZCN – the token driving the network.

🧵↓

#ZusNetwork #decentralizedstorage

✨ What is Decentralized Storage? ✨

dStorage is a storage system that does not rely on a central server or authority.

It is a storage system that relies on a peer-to-peer (P2P) network of nodes to host data.

More on dStorage in the 🧵  below.👇🏻

https://twitter.com/cryptoshuriken/status/1596866464417341440?s=20&t=u10LbdL8g7yAfRYkjLAaiw

✨ So, what is Züs? ✨

@zus_network is a high-performance dStorage platform that claims to be on par with centralized services like AWS in terms of speed & efficiency.

Züs aims to provide enterprise-grade cloud storage that is fully decentralized, cheap & robust.

It also claims to be faster than other dStorage solutions like Filecoin since its architecture allows it to go beyond just archival storage.

✨Challenges with Decentralized Storage✨

Storing large chunks of data on-chain is a tough ask, especially if you want to make it as fast & accessible as the centralized counterparts.

General-purpose blockchains get a bit unfeasible for storage solutions and often use L2s or side chains to store large amounts of data & ensure the main chain remains unclogged.

The @zus_network, previously known as 0Chain, was built from scratch and uses a mainchain & a network of side chains to achieve a fast, efficient, scalable, and enterprise-grade dStorage solution.

The Züs network leverages its unique two-layer blockchain that utilizes a Delegated Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism.

✨The Main Chain✨

The main chain acts as the consensus layer.

We know that, in a blockchain, new blocks are proposed & mined by miners or validators and added to the end of the blockchain.

Zus takes an entirely different approach to mining & storing block history.

The Zus network consists of miners and sharders.

Miners: mines new blocks,
Sharders: store newly mined blocks into the Zus blockchain.

This splitting of duty results in a faster blockchain ideal for enterprise storage solutions.

At any given point, there are a total of 100 miners and 25 sharders slots in the active set.

The order in which a miner mines & sharders stores the block is processed by a VRF and is entirely random.

Periodically, miners in the active set are shuffled out.

✨The Side Chain Network✨

The second layer is the side chain network, which consists of the storage protocol.

In Zus, storage space is provided by "Blobbers".

A blobber lends storage space & gets rewarded with $ZCN, the native utility token of the Zus blockchain.

✨How does storage work in the Zus network?✨

If a user wishes to store their files on the network, they initiate a storage agreement with a blobber (or multiple blobbers).

As per the agreement, the user locks their token to pay for storage,

and the blobber stakes the total value of the storage agreement in the $ZCN token.

If the blobber doesn't store the files as per the agreement, they lose some part of their staked tokens.

✨Conclusion✨

Züs is a dStorage platform aiming to offer fast, scalable, efficient, high-performance, & enterprise-grade solutions.

To make this happen, the Züs network utilizes its main blockchain (for consensus mechanism) & a network of sidechains (to store the data).

The mainnet launch of Züs is just around the corner.

And with a solid roadmap ahead, it'll be exciting to witness whether Zus leads the way with its high-speed/low-latency storage solution.

Zus Network: Blazing-fast Decentralized Storage

Interoperability in DeFi is no longer a dream.

Meet Injective (@Injective_) – the ultra-fast L1 tailor-made for DeFi.

And $INJ – the token driving the network.

From derivatives to futures, Injective is redefining DeFi, with backers like Binance & Mark Cuban.

Here's how. 🧵 ↓

What is Injective? ✨

Injective is an interoperable blockchain protocol optimized for building DeFi apps.

Injective Labs launched the protocol's mainnet back in November 2021.

Injective is focused on DeFi products such as:

🔹 Derivatives
🔹 Options
🔹 Lending
🔹 Futures
🔹 Insurance

Developers can leverage the Injective ecosystem to build permission-less & innovative dApps.

The Injective ecosystem is made up of 3 core components: ✨

1️⃣ Injective Chain
2️⃣ Injective Hub
3️⃣ $INJ Token

1️⃣ What is Injective Chain? ✨

Injective chain is a layer-1 interoperable blockchain built for DeFi.

The chain is powered by the Cosmos SDK.

It is able to attain instant transaction finality using the Tendermint PoS consensus.

Why Build on Injective?

🔹 Optimized for DeFi: provides out-of-the-box financial primitives like fully decentralized order book.

Allows devs to create mainstream dApps like exchanges, decentralized derivatives, insurance, onchain options products & prediction markets, etc.

🔹 Interoperable: designed to facilitate fast cross-chain txns across multiple chains including:
◽ Ethereum
◽ Polkadot
◽ Solana
◽ Polygon
& many more.

🔹 Launch Ethereum & IBC compatible tokens
Tokens launched on Injective can be exposed to multiple networks by default.

🔹 Build dApps using CosmWasm: allows developers to easily launch their own smart-contract powered dApps.

Allows smart contracts that work on other chains to be migrated to Injective (multi-chain contracts).

🔹 Ultra-Fast Txn Settlement: 25000 TPS with instant finality.

2️⃣ Injective Hub

Injective Hub is the platform that allows you to interact directly with Injective.

Users can access the Injective Hub to stake their $INJ to become validators.

In the Hub, community members can propose & vote on proposals to shape the future of Injective.

3️⃣ The Injective Token ✨

$INJ is the native utility & governance token of the Injective ecosystem.

Main Use Cases of $INJ include:
🔹 PoS Security
🔹 Governance
🔹 dApp value capture
🔹 Exchange Fee Value Accrual
🔹 Derivatives Collateralization

INJ Tokenomics ✨

🔹 Total Supply: 100M INJ
🔹 Circulating Supply: 83.7M INJ
🔹 Market Cap: $582M (#56)
🔹 YTD Growth: 450%

1 Year Chart ↓

Top dApps on Injective ✨

🔹 Helix (@HelixApp_): premier decentralized orderbook exchange
🔹 Mito (@MitoFinance): groundbreaking DeFi protocol
🔹 Astroport (@astroport_fi): AMM exchange
🔹 FrontRunner (@frontrunnerxyz): prediction market dApp

Who's backing Injective? 🤔

Injective was incubated by Binance Labs in 2018.

Since then, it's backed by prominent investors like:

🔹 Jump Crypto
🔹 Pantera Capital
🔹 Mark Cuban
🔹 Kraken Ventures
🔹 KuCoin Ventures
🔹 Delphi Labs
🔹 IDG Capital

Recent News 📰

Injective recently made a major tokenomics upgrade to revolutionize $INJ burn mechanism.

They call it "True Ultrasound Money".

The topic deserves a dedicated thread of its own, so I'll be posting it later this week.

Bookmark this 🧵 to stay tuned.

⚠️ Nothing in this 🧵 is financial advice.

This 🧵 is purely for educational & informational purposes.

I do not endorse Injective, nor do I intend to shill the INJ token.

Please DYOR before investing.

Tagging some crypto chads & gigabrains:

@Cryptowrit3r
@My_SexyLife
@0x_Dxve
@web3bandit
@Victorfawole0

A Gentle Introduction to Injective

With modern multi-threaded processors, Ethereum's sequential txn processing is highly undesirable and has proven to be a scalability bottleneck.

The UTXO model solves this by allowing blockchains to execute txns parallelly & increasing txn throughput.

🧵 ↓

To understand the UTXO model, let's first learn about the Account Model that Ethereum uses for executing transactions.

✨Overview of the Account Model✨
The Account Model represents any assets in a wallet as Balances within accounts.

Example: if Bob's wallet has 5 ETH, and he sends Alice 1 ETH, the account model simply debits 1 ETH from Bob's account & credits 1 ETH in Alice's account.

The Account Model works exactly how banks process transactions.

If you have $100 in your bank account today, and you send someone $50, a Bank would simply reduce that amount from your account & add it to the recipient's account.

The Account Model doesn't have a mechanism for determining and handling transaction interdependencies.

Hence, all txns must be processed sequentially.

✨The UTXO Model✨
UTXO stands for unspent txn output & refers to the amount of tokens that remain after a txn.

In the UTXO model, if Bob holds 10 BTC, it could mean either he has a single UTXO of 10 BTC or multiple smaller UTXOs that all add up to 10 BTC.

This is pretty similar to a physical wallet.

I can say I have $100 right now in my wallet. But it could mean that I have a single $100 bill or multiple smaller dollar bills of $10, $20, and/or $50 bills that all add up to $100.

Now, I want to go watch a movie.

I buy a ticket to the latest Marvel movie, and it costs $15.

How can I pay them?

I can either give them a $20 note and get back $5 change,

or I can give them 2 notes: $10 & $5.

✨That is how txns are processed in the UTXO model.✨

Now, since Bob holds 10 BTC (let's say, a single UTXO of 10 BTC),

And he wants to send Alice 4 BTC.

In the UTXO model, this txn creates two outputs:
1️⃣ an output of 4 BTC sent to Alice,
2️⃣ and a change output of 6 BTC sent back to Bob (minus some gas fee, of course).

Similar to these usual coin UTXOs, there are contract UTXOs.

With the contract UTXO, smart contracts whose UTXOs are spent in the same transactions can interact with each other simultaneously.

The UTXO model provides a strict state access list.

In this access list, each txn specifies which contracts the txn may interact with, and if the txn attempts to access a smart contract that is not in the access list, it gets reverted.

Using this strict state access list, txns that have no interdependency can be executed in parallel.

Modular Execution Layers like @fuel_network bring parallel txn execution to Ethereum using the UTXO model & help scale Ethereum to achieve the highest flexible throughput.

✨In a nutshell:✨

Account Model is like sending payment from one bank account to another.

UTXO model is like paying a cashier with physical dollar bills.

UTXO model allows blockchains to utilize all CPU cores & execute txns in parallel by maintaining a state access list.

Also, please consider subscribing to my blog & get content like this delivered right into your inbox. ⬇️

https://cryptoshuriken.com/#/portal/

Account Model vs. UTXO Model

With the ability to scale, interoperate, and facilitate cross-chain communication,

Cosmos is revolutionizing the blockchain industry. 🌌

Here's how! 🧵↓

✨WTH is Cosmos?✨

Cosmos is a decentralized network of independent parallel blockchains, each powered by the Tendermint consensus algorithm that can scale and interoperate with each other.

"It is an Internet of Blockchains."

Moreover, it is a cross-chain communication protocol that enables digital asset exchanges, atomic swaps, and cross-chain dApps.

Cosmos allows scalability, faster transaction validation, and secure digital asset transfers.

✨The Vision of Cosmos✨

Cosmos is built with the vision of creating an Internet of Blockchains,

where any blockchain can interact with any other blockchain, creating a truly decentralized and interoperable ecosystem.

Typically, blockchains work independently of each other.

And Cosmos aims to bridge these chains together and make an ecosystem where sovereign blockchains have the ability to communicate with each other.

✨Cosmos' Hub & Spoke Model✨

This vision is achieved through a set of tools like the Tendermint Core Engine, the Cosmos SDK, and the Inter-Blockchain Communication Protocol (IBC).

These tools allow developers to quickly construct custom, secure, scalable, and interoperable blockchains (called Zones).

These zones are connected to Hubs which are also independent blockchains that handle inter-blockchain communication.

The Cosmos Hub is the first hub in the Cosmos Network,

and it serves as the center of the Cosmos Network, facilitating communication and interoperability between different zones.

An interesting thing about Zones is that they do not keep up with each other directly.

They only communicate indirectly by sending information packets through Hubs.

✨Key Components of Cosmos:✨

1️⃣ Tendermint BFT Consensus.
Tendermint BFT is a state-of-the-art consensus engine that packages the networking and consensus layers of a blockchain into a generic engine.

This allows developers to focus on application development without worrying about complex underlying protocols.

2️⃣ The Cosmos SDK.
The Cosmos SDK is a generalized framework that simplifies the process of building a secure blockchain application layer on top of Tendermint BFT.

Cosmos SDK is designed to be modular, and developers can create composable modules for the Cosmos SDK and integrate them easily into their applications.

3️⃣ Inter-Blockchain Communication Protocol (IBC).

We learned that Zones communicate with each other indirectly through Hubs.

IBC is the mechanism that makes it possible.

When a Zone creates an IBC connection with a Hub, it can automatically access all other Zones connected to the same Hub.

This means a Zone only needs to connect with a Hub, not other Zones.

✨What is ATOM?✨

$ATOM is the native staking token of the Cosmos Hub.

It is an inflationary token that is used to run services on the Cosmos network.

✨Conclusion✨
Cosmos is a decentralized network of independent blockchains built with the vision of creating an Internet of Blockchains,

where blockchains can interact with each other.

Different blockchains are called Zones, and the Cosmos Hub serves as a central point of communication and interoperability b/w them.

⚠️ Disclaimer:

In this thread, I’ve mentioned the ATOM token and some of its use cases.

I do not mean to promote the token in any way.

Please DYOR before investing in any token.

A Gentle Introduction to Cosmos.

Over 4 billion smartphone users worldwide.

Less than 400 million (<10%) use & trade cryptocurrencies.

Here's how Celo solves this. 🧵↓

✨So, what is Celo?✨

Celo is a mobile-first EVM-compatible blockchain ecosystem,

that unlocks the power of crypto for everyone with a mobile device and allows over 4 billion smartphone users to make simple cryptocurrency transactions.

It aims to create an open financial system by empowering anyone with a smartphone to have access to financial services.

Celo is focused on providing the simplest possible experience for end-users having little familiarity with cryptocurrencies, limited connectivity, & low-cost devices.

Simply stated, Celo is a mobile-first blockchain for the average Joe.

✨So, how does it work?✨

Celo makes making transactions as easy as sending a text message to anyone with an internet connection anywhere in the world.

It maps each user’s wallet address to their phone number, so they don’t need to deal with long addresses while making transactions.

So, let’s say Bob wants to send 10 Celo Dollars to Alice.

All he needs to do is put Alice’s phone number as the address, enter 10 cUSD as the amount, hit send, and voila! 🎉

✨The Celo Platform Stack✨

To enable end-users to make payments on limited hardware & connectivity, Celo takes a full-stack approach.

1️⃣ The Celo Blockchain

The Celo blockchain is an EVM-compatible L1 blockchain.

It adopts a PoS Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus mechanism.

2️⃣ Celo Core Contracts

A set of smart contracts containing most of the platform features logic.

This includes ERC-20 tokens, identity attestations, PoS, and governance logic.

These contracts are upgradeable and are governed by a decentralized governance process.

3️⃣ Applications

Applications, like the Celo Wallet app, for the end users are built on the Application layer of the Celo stack.

Applications interact with the Celo blockchain to issue txns and invoke code that forms the Celo Core Contracts’ API.

✨What is the CELO token?✨

$CELO is Celo’s native asset (an ERC-20 token) that supports the growth and development of the Celo ecosystem.

$CELO token is used for various functions such as staking, consensus validation, and governance, allowing CELO holders to vote on proposals that shape the future of Celo.

With a fixed supply of 1Bn, it acts as a reserve asset for stablecoins like the Celo Dollar and provides a stability mechanism to keep their price as close to the target value as possible.

✨Celo's Stablecoins:✨

Price volatility can be one of the main obstacles for people to make crypto transactions.

Stablecoins offer a practical solution for day-to-day payments since the value of the stablecoin Bob sends will be exactly what Alice will receive.

Some of the existing stable coins can have slower networks, higher txn fees, or higher barrier-to-entry for the average user.

The Celo platform has a bunch of stablecoins that are practical, accessible & cost-efficient for the day-to-day use of average users. ↓

✨Stablecoins that Celo offers:✨

1️⃣ $cUSD: pegged to the US Dollar.

2️⃣ $cEUR: pegged to the Euro.

3️⃣ $cREAL: pegged to the Brazilian Real.

✨Conclusion✨
By providing a platform that is open to anyone with a smartphone,

Celo is paving the way for a more open and accessible financial system.

Also, please consider subscribing to my blog & get content like this delivered right into your inbox. ⬇️

https://cryptoshuriken.com/#/portal/


Celo: Making Crypto Accessible to Everyone

Understanding Ethereum's invisible tax – MEV.

A thread. 🧵

Blockchain technology is the main driving force behind cryptocurrencies and DeFi.

In a blockchain network, miners and validators get paid some amount of gas fee to validate transactions and mine new blocks onto the blockchain.

However, earning block reward isn't the only way for miners to get paid.

As new transactions sit pending in the Mempool, miners or validators have found a way to maximize their profits using a strategy called MEV.

✨What is MEV?✨

MEV (Miner/Maximal Extractable Value) refers to the maximum amount of profit a miner or validator can extract by including, excluding or reordering transactions in a block.

✨How does MEV work?✨

To understand how MEV works, first, let's try to understand how transactions flow in a blockchain.

When a user makes a txn, it's sent to a public mempool where all pending txns sit, waiting to be added to a block.

All these txns are public and visible to everyone, including miners/validators.

All these txns are ordered & packaged by miners through a Priority Gas Auction (PGA).

PGA means that txns with higher gas fee gets batched & executed first and added to the block.

So, let's say a user named Bob makes a large order to buy 20 ETH on a DEX like Uniswap.

Here's how a simple MEV attack would work:

1️⃣ Bob sends a transaction to purchase 20 ETH on Uniswap.

2️⃣ A miner named Alice identifies the txn in mempool and places a similar trade to buy ETH from same liquidity pool.

Since the miners have control over which txn to execute first, Alice executes her txn before Bob's.

As a result, increasing the price of ETH & Bob's trade gets executed at a suboptimal exchange rate.

Additionally, there are predatory bots that can identify & copy Bob's txn and place it with higher gas fee incentivizing miners like Alice to execute their txn before Bob's.

This technique is known as a Front-Running Attack.

Searchers often use generalized front-runner bots to scan mempool to capture lucrative MEV opportunities.

3️⃣ Bob's transaction get executed & added to the block.

4️⃣ Now that the price of ETH has increased, Alice then orders a second txn to sell the recently purchased ETH, making an arbitrage trade.

This technique is known as back-running.

This entire process of combining front-running and back-running is known as a Sandwich attack.

It is one of the most common MEV strategies to make profits from arbitrage opportunities.

Apart from miners/validators, there are other players such as searchers and bots in the MEV process, trying to profit from pending transactions.

Searchers are independent participants in the blockchain network that constantly seek MEV opportunities by running complex algorithms,

and setting up bots to submit transactions with higher gas prices and capture MEV.

However, miners are best placed to extract MEV by front-running other participants since they are the ones deciding which transactions get executed first.

And since searchers are willing to pay a higher gas fee to have their transactions executed first, miners still receive a percentage of the MEV in the form of gas fee.

PS - I'm doing a #30Days30Threads challenge!

This was the thirteenth one, 17 more to go!

Stick around for tweets on:

→ Blockchain Development
→ Web3, in general
→ Content Creation

13/30 ✅

A gentle intro to Maximal Extractable Value.

dApp developers are faced with the dilemma of whether to accept slow delivery of storage networks or utilize a centralized CDN to accelerate content delivery.

Enter Fleek ⚡️ – a decentralized CDN.

A thread. 🧵

✨What is Fleek Network?✨

Fleek Network is a decentralized content & application delivery network built on top of already established dStorage protocols like IPFS & Filecoin.

The primary many flaws of centralized services are censorship & user privacy.

Centralized CDNs can not only censor information and prevent access to certain apps & sites, but a hack or data leak can expose personal data & put user privacy at risk.

Fleek solves this problem by providing a fully-decentralized & trustless alternative to traditional centralized CDNs, like Cloudflare, which is blazing fast, reliable, cost-effective, robust, and censorship-resistant, having no central authority.


✨Inspiration for Fleek:✨

Most decentralized apps use centralized content delivery networks like Cloudflare to speed up their content delivery and overall load times.

With the demand for content delivery skyrocketing, querying content directly from storage protocols is not performant,

as these dStorage protocols need some sort of performant cache layer to provide faster loading times which modern Internet users expect.


With the recent breakthroughs in decentralized infrastructure, blockchain scalability, and new consensus mechanisms,

Fleek aims to provide an alternative route to performant content delivery that is not only protocol agnostic but is on par with its centralized counterparts.

And since Fleek is origin-agnostic, users can leverage any web3 or web2 storage protocol & platform like IPFS, Filecoin, Arweave, AWS, etc., to build & host their apps & services on Fleek.

✨How does it work?✨

Currently, Fleek focuses on accelerating static content delivery from protocols like IPFS, Filecoin, Arweave, etc., with plans to support dynamic content in the future.

The Fleek network replicates & distributes content across nodes and delivers it through a peer-to-peer (P2P) mechanism while maintaining the user experience of traditional CDN services.


At its core, the Fleek network is a caching and delivery layer, offering an alternative route to content accessibility that is not only cost-effective but also more performant, resilient, and censorship-resistant.

The Fleek network incentivizes participants to provide bandwidth and computation with their native ‘FLK’ token.

In the Fleek network, clients use Gateway Nodes to interact with the network. Gateway Nodes connect users to the closest cache nodes that are responsible for caching, replicating, and content delivery through HTTPS GET & PUT methods.

Fleek is building a new developer platform called Fleek.xyz that leverages web3 protocols to provide services like:

🔹Hosting
🔹DNS management
🔹Storage
🔹Gateways
🔹CDN
🔹Serverless Computing.


With the development of Fleek Network already underway and the new @Fleekxyz platform's beta launching soon, Fleek has a solid roadmap to build the Web3 development platform for the future.

PS - I'm doing a #30Days30Threads challenge!

This was the fifth one, 25 more to go!

Stick around for tweets on:

→ Blockchain Development
→ Web3, in general
→ Content Creation

5/30 ✅


A Gentle Intro to Fleek Network

IPFS is powering the Distributed Web.

But do you know how it works? 🤔

A thread! 🧵

Table of Content:

1️⃣ What is IPFS
2️⃣ Content Addressing in IPFS
3️⃣ File System in IPFS
4️⃣ Finding peers in IPFS

1️⃣ First of all, ✨what is IPFS?✨

IPFS is a peer-to-peer (P2P) protocol for storing, accessing, and sharing data in a distributed file system.

Instead of finding data by its location, IPFS finds it by its contents.

Let me explain!

2️⃣ Content Addressing in IPFS

We all love Twitter (the little bird app is so cool).

To access Twitter, you put "www-twitter-dot-com" in your browser's URL bar.

And since this URL points to Twitter's IP address, we get whatever webpage the Twitter server serves us.

But if we put Twitter on IPFS, we don't get a URL or IP address.

Instead, we get a content identifier, or CID, to access Twitter that looks something like this: 👇🏻

/ipfs/QmWzi8evEPm1fUamM2UboxirvZ48hu7HfV7uEDGoGFCfcN

Unlike URLs, IPFS CIDs are not accessible by standard web browsers and require an IPFS gateway.

One easy workaround to access files hosted on IPFS is to use an HTTP gateway (developed by Protocol Labs) like so:

https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmWzi8evEPm1fUamM2UboxirvZ48hu7HfV7uEDGoGFCfcN

✨How does Content Addressing work?✨

Right now, there's a problem that exists on the "Web2" Internet that the content is found by its location.

You wanna Netflix & chill? Cool, go to netflix-dot-com!

You wanna read CryptoShuriken's blog? Visit cryptoshuriken-dot-com!

But what if the location (or the URL) of the content changes for some reason?

What if Netflix changes its URL to "netflix-dot-lol"?

Now, you can't "netflix & chill!"

Content addressing fixes this problem.

By content addressing, every piece of content has a CID, which is based on the data's cryptographic hash, that points to data on IPFS.

That means two exactly similar files will have the same CID.

Any slight difference in the content of a file will generate a completely different CID.

IPFS uses the SHA256 hashing algorithm to generate these CIDs.

As a result, if you try storing two identical files in the same IPFS node,

they would only be stored once, thus eliminating duplication.

So, now we know that IPFS uses content addressing to identify and find content rather than looking at where it's located.

3️⃣ But how does IPFS store content on the File-System? 🤔

IPFS takes advantage of a data structure called Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs for short) to maintain links between files and directories.

Specifically, it uses Merkle DAGs.

IPFS uses a Merkle DAG (very much similar to BitTorrent) that is optimized for representing files and directories.

IPFS splits a file into smaller blocks, and the blocks are stored in different sources.

Ever downloaded a file from BitTorrent?

Remember how a file was split into smaller chunks, and those chunks used to get downloaded from multiple peers at once? That's the same concept.


Merkle DAGs are a bit of a "turtles all the way down" scenario in a way that:
A folder has its own CID.
Every file in the folder has its own CID,
Different smaller blocks of that file have their own CID.

4️⃣ Finding & Moving content in IPFS

To find peers who are hosting the content you're looking for, IPFS uses a Distributed Hash Table (DHT for short).

✨What's a Hash Table?✨
A hash table is a database of keys to values.

✨What's a Distributed Hash Table?✨
A DHT is a hash table that is split across all the peers in a distributed network.

If you wish to find a particular piece of content, you ask these peers.

IPFS uses LibP2P to provide the DHT and handle peers connecting and talking to each other.

Once you know which peers are storing each block of the content you're looking for, you use the DHT to find the current location of those peers.

Once you've discovered your content and found the current location of that content,

Now all that is left is to connect to that content and retrieve it.

To retrieve a piece of content, you have to request blocks of that content from the peers that are storing it.

To do this, IPFS uses BitSwap.

Bitswap is a module that allows us to connect to peers that have the content we want and make a request to access the content.

So, to recap:

IPFS gives you a CID to the content stored, & then it links that content together in a Merkle DAG.

It then uses DHTs to find peers who are hosting the content.

It uses Bitswap to connect to those peers & retrieve the content.

Hope that makes clear sense!

Also, please consider subscribing to my blog & get content like this delivered right into your inbox. ⬇️

https://www.cryptoshuriken.com/#/portal/

PS - I'm doing a #30Days30Threads challenge!

This was the third one, 27 more to go!

Stick around for tweets on:

→ Blockchain Development
→ Web3, in general
→ Content Creation

3/30 ✅


How does IPFS work?

Providing blazing-fast & enterprise-grade Decentralized Storage solutions is challenging.

✨Enter Züs Network✨ – a dStorage solution that claims to be on par with its centralized counterparts like AWS.

A thread. 🧵

✨First of all, What is Decentralized Storage?✨

dStorage is a storage system that does not rely on a central server or authority.

It is a storage system that relies on a peer-to-network of nodes to host data.

More on dStorage👇🏻

https://twitter.com/cryptoshuriken/status/1596866464417341440?s=20&t=u10LbdL8g7yAfRYkjLAaiw

✨So, what is Züs?✨

@zus_network is a high-performance dStorage platform that claims to be on par with centralized services like AWS in terms of speed & efficiency.

General-purpose blockchains get a bit unfeasible for storage solutions and often use L2 or side chains to store large amounts of data & ensure the main chain remains unclogged.

The Zus architecture is designed so that the actual data doesn't need to be stored on-chain to get the benefits of decentralized storage.

The team behind Zus believes that storing data on-chain would require many redundancies & would sacrifice network performance.

The Züs network leverages its unique two-layer blockchain built from scratch that utilizes a Delegated Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism.

✨The Side Chain Network✨

The second layer is the side chain network, which consists of the storage protocol.

In Zus, storage space is provided by "Blobbers".

A blobber lends storage space & gets rewarded with ZCN, the native utility token of the Zus blockchain.

As per the agreement, the user locks their token to pay for storage,

and the blobber stakes the total value of the storage agreement in the ZCN token.

If the blobber doesn't store the files as per the agreement, they lose some part of their staked tokens.

The total amount of locked tokens and staked tokens by the user & blobber, respectively, are batched into the storage agreement,

and one portion of the tokens is divided into:
🔹A reward Pool
🔹A Challenge Pool

Tokens from the reward pool are paid out to the blobber for lending out storage space & providing fast & instant access to the user's files.

To ensure the blobbers are storing data they are paid to store, miners will randomly send a challenge asking blobbers to validate a chunk of data.

And the only way for a blobber to validate that chunk of data is to cryptographically prove that they have that data stored.

If the blobber manages to pass the challenge, it will get paid in tokens from the challenge pool.

Failing to do so means the blobber ends up losing some amount from its staked tokens.

✨The Challenge Protocol✨

The Challenge Protocol consists of three phases:
1️⃣ Challenge Issuance phase: a single block of a file stored by a specific blobber is randomly selected using a VRF.

2️⃣ Justification Phase: The blobber broadcasts data to validators along with the file metadata that must be verified to pass the challenge.

3️⃣ Judgement Phase: finally, the validators share their results on whether the blobber passed the challenge or not.

The @zus_network is set for pre-mainnet launch on 15 Dec 2022, while the mainnet launch is planned for early '23.

With a solid roadmap ahead, it'll be exciting to witness whether Zus leads the way with its high-speed/low-latency storage solution.

⚠️ This article is purely for educational & informational purposes. I do not endorse Züs Network, and nor do I intend to shill the ZCN token. Please DYOR before investing.

Prefer reading long-form content?

I've got you covered! 🙌🏻

Here's a blog post that goes into a little more detail. 👇🏻

https://www.cryptoshuriken.com/a-gentle-introduction-to-zus

PS - I'm doing a #30Days30Threads challenge!

This was the second one, 28 more to go!

Stick around for tweets on:

→ Blockchain Development
→ Web3, in general
→ Content Creation

2/30 ✅

A Gentle Introduction to Züs Network

✨How to write engaging Twitter Threads.✨

I listened to the latest episode of @gregyounger's The Write3 Show, and here are the key takeaways:

A thread. 🧵

What to expect from this thread:

🔹 Importance of Threads
🔹 Common Mistakes writers make while writing threads
🔹 Steps to getting better at writing threads
🔹 Advice on writing attention-grabbing Hooks.
🔹 Advice for beginner thread writers.

✨Importance of writing Threads✨
Wanna build an audience on Twitter? Threads are the way to do it.

The entire point of writing threads and building your audience is to find your own voice, and you don't need to be an alpha male to write threads that go viral.

✨Common Mistakes while writing threads✨

1️⃣ Not focusing on a single topic or agenda.
Make your thread only about a single topic & keep it focused instead of going on tangents. You can address other tangents in a separate thread.

2️⃣ Writing way too long threads: Be clear, not clever.
Get across your main thesis quickly & keep it short.

Large threads with 40/50 tweets serve no purpose. Noone wanna read a 40-tweet thread that puts across one point that could've been said in 10

Be granular as possible.

3️⃣ Choosing topics only with the intention of going viral.
When starting out, pick a topic you think you can provide genuine insights about.

Figure out what your ideal follower looks like & what problems they might be facing.

Figure out niche topics instead of generalizing.

4️⃣ Writing disorganized threads.

Figure out what insights you want to convey through the thread, then lay out a general structure before writing, and stick to it.

Keep it organized, stick to one agenda, and avoid going over tangents.

5️⃣ Using too much media (photos & GIFs).

Keep it clean! It's great to use a graphic for the top tweet, but overdoing it kills readability.

Focus on writing, and let the words do the majority of the talking.

✨On starting out with writing threads✨

Step 1: Be consistent.
The first step is to identify your writing capacity.

Figure out how many threads you can write in a day or a week without burning out.

Step 2: Make a commitment and just do it.
Once you identify your capacity, make a commitment.

It could be to post 1 thread on a Saturday night.

If you commit to a certain day & time every week & you just ship it, then you'll get the time & opportunity to write every week.

Step 3: Start Studying.

3 things to study:
1️⃣ Study different writing techniques, take a writing course and start working on your thread writing skills.

2️⃣ Study other excellent thread writers in your niche.
Figure out their writing style & what's working for them.

3️⃣ Try out different tools that can help you write better threads.

Four must-have tools in your Writer's Toolkit:
1 - A note-taking tool like Notion to gather your thoughts & ideas. Create a note-taking database or a knowledge base.

2 - A thread builder and scheduler tool like @hypefury, @typefully, @typeshare_co.

Doesn't matter which one you choose, it matters that you choose one.

3 - A proofreader like Hemingway or @Grammarly to remove complex sentences and write clearly.

4 - Use Music to your advantage for more productive writing sessions. Recommended: @BrainfmApp

✨On writing attention-grabbing Title Hooks✨
When it comes to Twitter threads, it's a game of attention-grabbing.

You get one line to grab the attention of your audience.

And hooks are the most critical aspect of a Twitter thread.

Each word is important in a hook, and ultimately it's all about getting attention and sharing with your audience what they're gonna get by reading your thread.

✨3 great advice on creating better Hooks✨
1️⃣ Use numbers: "3 mistakes every Web3 writer makes".

Using numbers not only organizes your entire thread but gives the audience a clear idea of what to expect, making your thread way easier to digest.

2️⃣ Practice & get comfortable writing hooks.
In the beginning, it may feel that the hooks are really not your own voice.

It may sound forced, unnatural, or a bit "copywrite-ish".

The key is to go out there, try different and awkward-sounding hooks, and see how they do.

Try a bunch of shit. Gather data points. Rinse and Repeat!

3️⃣ Ask a question.
Open with a thought-provoking question to intrigue people.

✨Advice for Beginner Thread Writers✨
Shared by @ballanutsa (quoting @AlexIsBuilding):
"Start with writing threads that contain lists or step-by-step processes of doing something.

Start with easier topics and work your way up from there."

(continued...)

Essentially, just doing content curation.

Start with becoming a curator with the aim of being curated in the long term.

You can find the latest episode of The Write3 Show here:

https://twitter.com/i/spaces/1eaJbryjMnoJX?s=20

Also, if you enjoyed reading this thread,

please consider subscribing to my blog & get content like this delivered right into your inbox. ⬇️

https://cryptoshuriken.com/#/portal/


PS - I'm doing a #30Days30Threads challenge!

This was the first one, 29 more to go!

Stick around for tweets on:

→ Web3 Content Creation
→ Blockchain Development

1/30 ✅