Long before Christianity swept through, even the Romans held the belief that the soul was an independent entity that could be taken elsewhere. An Etruscan red-figure calyx-krater from the late 4th to early 3rd century BC showcases this concept, depicting Charun, the Etruscan death demon, alongside departed souls.
In Etruscan lore, Charun is one of the underworld’s psychopomps, responsible for guiding souls on their journey. Typically, he is shown wielding a hammer, with features such as a goat-like face, wings, tusks, pointed ears, and serpents woven into his hair.
The artwork portrays Charun leading souls to the afterlife. Unlike the fearsome Charun, Vanth, another figure from the Etruscan underworld, is depicted as kindly and compassionate.